BBC
- Một giáo sư người Nhật nghiên cứu thực địa về hai dự án bauxite Tây
Nguyên nói dự án “thất bại, nhưng không có ai chịu trách nhiệm”. Viết
trên báo Nhật Asahi Shimbun hôm 25/6, Tiến sĩ Ari Nakano, từ Đại
học Daito Bunka, cũng bày tỏ lo ngại về hiệu quả của các dự án điện hạt
nhân mà Nga và Nhật đang làm tại tỉnh Ninh Thuận. Bà lo ngại về sự thiếu
minh bạch tại Việt Nam và kêu gọi chính phủ Nhật xem xét lại quan hệ
song phương.
‘Thiếu thông tin’
Tác giả, một chuyên gia về chính trị, ngoại giao và nhân quyền Việt Nam,
cho biết bà trực tiếp phỏng vấn các nông dân ở tỉnh Đăk Nông và Lâm
Đồng, nơi đang khai thác bauxite.
“Không cư dân nào nhận được giải thích rõ ràng về các mỏ bauxite, việc
xây dựng và mở rộng nhà máy alumina, hay kế hoạch thu hồi đất, đền bù.”
Bà nói mặc dù người dân đã khiếu nại về tác động môi trường, nhưng chính phủ không có “biện pháp đầy đủ nào”.
Một số công nhân cũng không được trả lương đầy đủ, tạo nên nghi ngờ về
hứa hẹn của chính phủ rằng dự án đem lại việc làm cho cộng đồng.
Tác giả nhắc lại tin tức về sự chậm trễ trong việc xây nhà máy bauxite –
nhôm Lâm Đồng và việc phải dừng cảng Kê Gà, ban đầu định dùng để vận
chuyển sản phẩm.
Tiến sĩ Ari Nakano nói hồi đầu năm nay, bà tổ chức một hội nghị ở Hà Nội
về tài nguyên, môi trường. Nhưng Bộ Công thương nhất quyết không cho
đưa vấn đề bauxite vào nghị trình, cũng như không cho những người chỉ
trích dự án có mặt.
“Dự án rõ ràng là một thất bại, nhưng không rõ ai phải chịu trách nhiệm,” tác giả viết.
Lo ngại hạt nhân
Nhắm tới các độc giả người Nhật, bà Ari Nakano nói các trí thức Việt Nam
chỉ trích dự án bauxite cũng phản đối các dự án xây nhà máy điện hạt
nhân mà Nga và Nhật đang làm ở tỉnh Ninh Thuận.
“Trong hơn 20 năm tôi quan sát nước này, xu hướng cố gắng che lấp các sự
thật khó chịu của chính phủ Việt Nam về căn bản là không đổi.”
“Việc xây dựng các nhà máy điện hạt nhân, gói trong bầu không khí chính
trị không có đủ thông tin và đàn áp tự do ngôn luận, chưa gì đã có các
vấn đề nghiêm trọng trước khi chúng có thể tạo ra kết quả kinh tế hay
công nghệ.”
“Nhật Bản nên hiểu tình hình ở Việt Nam và xem lại cách làm thế nào hợp tác với một đối tác như thế,” tác giả kêu gọi.
Năm nay Nhật Bản và Việt Nam đánh dấu 40 năm quan hệ ngoại giao và chính
giới Nhật Bản không giấu giếm mong muốn thắt chặt quan hệ đối tác chiến
lược.
Đầu năm nay, Thủ tướng Nhật Shinzo Abe chọn Việt Nam là điểm đến đầu tiên của chuyến công du nước ngoài.
*
Debate suppressed in Vietnam, questions on Japanese cooperation
Ari Nakano - Professor at Daito Bunka University
Ari Nakano is a professor at Daito Bunka University. She did her
postgraduate work at Keio University and earned her Ph.D. Her areas of
expertise are Vietnamese politics, diplomacy and human rights.
This year marks the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between
Japan and Vietnam. When Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited Vietnam in
January, the two countries confirmed that their relationship had grown
into an even greater "strategic partnership" and agreed to continue
cooperating on constructing nuclear power plants and developing rare
earths resources.
However, many problems have surfaced concerning recent resources and
energy development in Vietnam. Simply looking at the progress thus far,
there is major cause for concern over the construction of nuclear power
plants there.
Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe,
right, and his Vietnamese counterpart Nguyen Tan Dung review the guard
of honor during a welcoming ceremony at the Presidential Palace in
Hanoi, Vietnam, Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2013. (AP file Photo)
The ongoing bauxite mining and alumina production financed by Chinese
firms in the south-central highlands of Vietnam is a large-scale project
on par with nuclear power plant construction. Yet this project was
agreed on by the leaders of the Chinese and Vietnamese communist parties
behind closed doors, and it began without any deliberations in
Vietnam's National Assembly.
No environmental impact assessment reports have been released, and some
have pointed out that the project is in violation of the law. Due to the
lack of transparency in the decision-making process, as well as any
obligation for the government to explain the details of the project, an
organized opposition movement led by Vietnamese intellectuals has grown,
and the bauxite venture has galvanized action demanding democracy and
disclosure.
LITTLE EXPLANATION OF BAUXITE MINING PROJECT
I interviewed people in farming villages in Dak Nong and Lam Dong
provinces, where bauxite resources are being exploited, but none of the
residents had received any clear explanations on the bauxite mines and
construction and expansion of alumina refineries, nor on land seizure
plans, compensation and the like. Although villagers have complained to
companies and government agencies about harm from construction sites
such as sediment runoff, wastewater, noise and shaking, no substantial
measures have been taken.
Companies have also failed to pay some construction workers' wages due
to "budget shortages." Many of them are migrant workers from outlying
areas, a good number of whom apparently did not return to the workplace
after the New Year's holidays because the work is not stable. The
government's story, that the development provides jobs and occupational
training opportunities to communities and contributes to growing the
local economy, has not been substantiated. The Ministry of Industry and
Trade, which oversees the project, stresses that it is "respecting the
lifestyles of local residents," but it is undeniable that the reality is
significantly different.
Meanwhile at the alumina refinery in Lam Dong province, which was
supposed to begin production in 2010, the initial construction plan has
been pushed back two years. Twice now a decision has been made to
postpone bringing the refinery online.
As the project management office explains, the reasons for the delays
are the complex technical requirements of alumina production, "errors"
in some processes that have made production unstable and the slow pace
of land seizures. An expansion is also planned at Ke Ga Port in Binh
Thuan province to transport the alumina, but construction had not moved
forward even five years after the government granted permission in 2007,
and this past February, the project was finally canceled. There has
also been no progress on expanding roads and reinforcing bridges that
connect the refinery with the port. The project is clearly a failure,
yet what is unclear is who holds responsibility for it.
Criticism has grown over the failure of various large-scale projects,
such as bauxite development, as well as the corruption of state-owned
enterprises. This has pressured the government to respond, so in March
it convened a meeting in which "ministers will answer the people's
questions." When asked about the stalled bauxite development, Vu Huy
Hoang, minister of Industry and Trade, said the reasons for the failure
were that it was "a first-time trial in Vietnam," that Vietnam had "no
experience managing such an enormous amount of funds (worth tens of
billions of dollars)" and that the project "has complex technical
requirements." The same could also be said of nuclear power plant
construction.
Early this year I organized a conference in Hanoi on resource
development and environmental policy, with the help of the Vietnamese
Ministry of Industry and Trade as well as Japanese universities and
research institutes. However, the ministry flatly refused to put the
bauxite development problem on the agenda and would not allow experts or
intellectuals critical of the project to attend. It would not even
accept participation by the Vietnamese Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, which is tasked with dealing with environmental issues. I
wanted to create an opportunity for promoters and critics of the project
to sit at the same table and engage in an open discussion, but from the
planning phase our attempts were doomed.
OPPOSITION TO NUCLEAR PLANT CONSTRUCTION AND UNLAWFUL ARRESTS
Vietnamese intellectuals who continue to oppose bauxite development are
also sharing information on the Chernobyl and Fukushima No. 1 nuclear
power plant accidents and voicing their opposition to nuclear power
plant construction projects that Russia and Japan are carrying out in
Ninh Thuan province. But the central figures are already under
surveillance by the Vietnamese public security service, which has
unlawfully arrested some and searched their homes.
The prevailing trend in the countries of the world is to try and achieve
inclusive governance on resolving problems related to major resource
and energy development projects. This involves putting the government
and companies, local residents and ethnic minorities, as well as
experts, intellectuals, citizens, NGOs, international institutions and
such, on an equal footing. The Vietnamese government, however, which
says it has a foreign policy of "active involvement in the international
community," is in fact moving in the opposite direction. In the more
than 20 years during which I have observed this country, the Vietnamese
government's predisposition to try and cover up inconvenient truths is
fundamentally unchanged. The construction of the nuclear power plants,
wrapped in a political climate with inadequate disclosure of information
and the suppression of free speech, is already plagued with serious
problems before they can even produce technological or economic results.
Japan needs to understand the situation in Vietnam and then reconsider
how to cooperate with such a partner.
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